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Complex regional pain syndrome is characterized by pain, abnormal regulation of blood flow and sweating, edema and trophic changes of skin and subcutaneous tissues, and movement disorders. The new term complex regional pain syndrome replaced the previous terms such as reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia. Classically, complex regional pain syndrome has been regarded as a disorder of the central nervous system, with sympathetic dysfunction as its major pathogenic mechanism. Recently, the interest shifted toward the contribution of peripheral disease mechanisms, including inflammation and hypoxia.
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